26 Aug Understanding the Different Types of Acne and Their Treatments
Acne is a common skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide, appearing most frequently during teenage years but often persisting into adulthood. It manifests when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. While it is a widespread issue, the types and severity can vary greatly from person to person.
What Causes Acne?
Acne develops deep within the skin’s pores, which are small openings that contain a hair follicle and an oil gland. These glands produce an oily substance called sebum, which is meant to keep the skin and hair moisturized. The process that leads to acne begins when this system is disrupted.
There are a few main factors that contribute to its development. First, the oil glands can produce an excess amount of oil. Second, dead skin cells may not shed properly, leading them to accumulate and mix with the excess sebum. This combination forms a soft plug, creating a blockage in the hair follicle. Third, this clogged follicle provides an ideal environment for bacteria to multiply. The result is the visible blemishes associated with acne, which can range from mild to severe depending on the depth and extent of the inflammation. Hormonal changes can increase sebum production and are a primary trigger, especially during puberty.
What Are the Different Types?
Acne is categorized based on the appearance of the blemishes. The two primary categories are non-inflammatory and inflammatory acne. Non-inflammatory acne includes whiteheads and blackheads:
- Whiteheads: These occur when a pore gets clogged with sebum and dead skin cells, but the top of the pore closes up. It appears as a small, skin-colored bump.
- Blackheads: Similar to whiteheads, these form when a pore is clogged. The top of the pore remains open, and the trapped material’s exposure to air causes it to oxidize and turn a dark color.
Inflammatory acne consists of blemishes that are red and swollen. This type is more likely to cause discomfort and includes:
- Papules: These are small, red, and tender bumps that form when the wall of a hair follicle breaks down due to severe inflammation.
- Nodules: These are large, solid, and painful lumps that develop deep beneath the surface of the skin.
- Cysts: These are large, soft, pus-filled lumps located deep within the skin. Cysts are a severe form of acne and can be very painful.
How Are They Treated?
The approach to managing acne depends on its type and severity. For mild, non-inflammatory acne like blackheads and whiteheads, over-the-counter (OTC) products are often a starting point. These products commonly contain active ingredients such as salicylic acid, which aids in exfoliating the skin and clearing clogged pores.
For moderate to severe inflammatory acne, such as papules, nodules, and cysts, professional guidance is generally recommended. Skincare professionals may suggest topical retinoids. In some cases, oral antibiotics may be used to control bacteria and reduce inflammation. For more persistent or severe cases, other prescription options may be available. It can also be beneficial to adopt a consistent skincare routine that includes gentle cleansing to remove excess oil and dead skin cells without irritating the skin.
Meet With a Skin Specialist
Since each person’s skin is unique, an acne treatment that works for one individual may not be suitable for another. A skin specialist, such as a dermatologist, can provide a thorough evaluation of your skin’s condition. They can accurately identify the type of acne you have and implement a personalized management plan tailored to your specific needs.